Difference between revisions of "Git"

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== HowTo ==
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== HowTo git ==
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There are different ways to install git, [[#Gitolite|gitolite]], and e.g. [[#GitlabHQ|gitlabhq]] on Debian oder Ubuntu. Be sure to read [http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite the comlete (!) gitolite documentation] before you proceed.
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* '''Git Online Help: https://help.github.com'''
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* PRO GIT BOOK: https://progit.org
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* Scott Chaco's (Pro git book) Introduction:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDR433b0HJY
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* SVN basic commands to Git commands  (CERN): http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/Offline/node/2912/#Commands
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* Git best practices (Rereira, CERN): http://cds.cern.ch/record/1644783
 +
 
 +
=== Practice ===
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* Local credential storage:  https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Credential-Storage
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git config --global credential.helper 'store --file ~/.git-credentials'
 +
 
 +
=== Troubleshooting ===
 +
==== Bare Repo ====
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Since git 1.7.0, if you like to create a server repo you have to use a so called "bare repo". This is a directory which contains NO worktree. For convention, you better name this director like "my_repo'''.git'''". The ".git" postfix should indicate this is a "bare repo".
 +
 
 +
On the server:
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mkdir my_repo.git
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git init --bare my_repo.git
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git update-server-info
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On the client
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# point origin to the server URL
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git remote add origin user@server:/path/to/my_repo.git
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# OR, if the origin was somewhere else
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git remote set-url origin user@server:/path/to/my_repo.git
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 +
# push everything to the server
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git push origin master
 +
 
 +
You might also want to convert a given repo into a bare one:
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* Convert a repo into a bare one: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2199897/how-to-convert-a-normal-git-repository-to-a-bare-one/2200662#2200662
 +
 
 +
Further reading:
 +
 
 +
* See Getting Git on a Server: http://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-on-the-Server-Getting-Git-on-a-Server#_git_on_the_server
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* See What is a bare git repository?: www.saintsjd.com/2011/01/what-is-a-bare-git-repository/
 +
 
 +
== HowTo gitolite ==
 +
'''[UPDATE] --[[User:Apos|Apos]] ([[User talk:Apos|talk]]) 16:12, 4 November 2015 (CET)'''
 +
 
 +
Due to the fact I completely do not use the gui interfaces for git any more, I simple recommend using plain commandline git including secured ssh (string password, fail2ban, and / or rsa key usage ;-) On the server simply use [[#Bare_Repo|a bare git repo]]. If someone really needs this for production usage or like within a company, you should get a commerial account with [http://www.gitlab.com gitlab] or any other service.
 +
 
 +
This article about gitolite therefore is not maintained any more.
 +
----
 +
 
 +
There are different ways to install git, [[#Gitolite|gitolite]], and webacces (e.g. [[#GitlabHQ|gitlabhq])] on Debian oder Ubuntu.
 +
 
 +
In any case: be sure to read [http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite the complete (!) gitolite documentation] before you proceed.
 
This article is mainly for Debian squeeze (6.0) server.
 
This article is mainly for Debian squeeze (6.0) server.
  
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# which port to use for ssh
 
# which port to use for ssh
 
# create a public or private repo
 
# create a public or private repo
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# have http access via smarthttp or [[#GitlabHQ gitlabhq]]
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# have http access via smarthttp or [[#GitlabHQ|gitlabhq]]
−
# install it manually or the "debian way" (apt-get)
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# install it manually or the "debian way" (apt-get), however the latter will give you automatic security updates
  
 
=== References ===
 
=== References ===
Line 24: Line 71:
 
Everything well documented online:
 
Everything well documented online:
 
* [http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/ Entry point for the answer to most questions]
 
* [http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/ Entry point for the answer to most questions]
 +
 +
=== Troubleshooting ===
 +
==== User git ====
 +
After an uninstallation the user ''git'' remains on the system.
 +
 +
I had some problems (re)creating a user on my debian system (squeeze). I reverted (uninstalled) a gitolite installation and deleted the user ''git'' with
 +
userdel -rf git
 +
 +
After that I had to recreate a new user ''git'' with:
 +
useradd -d /home/git -b /home/git -m -s /bin/bash git
 +
passwd git
 +
 +
If you not do this, there is not valid shell, the  userdir in /home is not created and there is no password!
  
 
== Gitosis ==
 
== Gitosis ==
 
Is not activly maintained and developed any more. Use [[#Gitolite|gitolite]] instead.
 
Is not activly maintained and developed any more. Use [[#Gitolite|gitolite]] instead.
 +
 +
== Troubleshooting ==
 +
git pull
 +
fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/somewhere/':
 +
    Failed to connect to github.com port 443: Connection timed out
 +
 +
Disable the firewall.
 +
 +
Edit the local git configuration:
 +
git config --global --edit
 +
 +
Trace the problem:
 +
GIT_TRACE=1 git pull
 +
 +
Possible solutions:
 +
git config --global url."https://".insteadOf git://
 +
git config --global --unset http.proxy
 +
export GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
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git config --global http.sslverify false
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 +
git config --global http.sslverify true
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git config --global http.sslCAPath /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/cacert.org
 +
 +
See:
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* GIT: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21544803/git-bower-errors-exit-code-128-failed-connect
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* PROXY: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3512202/github-https-access
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* SSL/CA: https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/4272
  
 
[[Category:Version Control]]
 
[[Category:Version Control]]
 +
[[Category:Project Management]]

Latest revision as of 21:13, 14 May 2017

HowTo git

Practice

git config --global credential.helper 'store --file ~/.git-credentials'

Troubleshooting

Bare Repo

Since git 1.7.0, if you like to create a server repo you have to use a so called "bare repo". This is a directory which contains NO worktree. For convention, you better name this director like "my_repo.git". The ".git" postfix should indicate this is a "bare repo".

On the server: 

mkdir my_repo.git
git init --bare my_repo.git
git update-server-info

On the client 

# point origin to the server URL
git remote add origin user@server:/path/to/my_repo.git
# OR, if the origin was somewhere else
git remote set-url origin user@server:/path/to/my_repo.git

# push everything to the server
git push origin master

You might also want to convert a given repo into a bare one:

Further reading:

HowTo gitolite

[UPDATE] --Apos (talk) 16:12, 4 November 2015 (CET)

Due to the fact I completely do not use the gui interfaces for git any more, I simple recommend using plain commandline git including secured ssh (string password, fail2ban, and / or rsa key usage ;-) On the server simply use a bare git repo. If someone really needs this for production usage or like within a company, you should get a commerial account with gitlab or any other service.

This article about gitolite therefore is not maintained any more.

There are different ways to install git, gitolite, and webacces (e.g. [[#GitlabHQ|gitlabhq])] on Debian oder Ubuntu.

In any case: be sure to read the complete (!) gitolite documentation before you proceed. This article is mainly for Debian squeeze (6.0) server.

Mainly this boils down to:

  1. should use gitolite anyway
  2. which username you like to use by default to access the server: git, gitolite, whatever
  3. which port to use for ssh
  4. create a public or private repo
  5. have http access via smarthttp or gitlabhq
  6. install it manually or the "debian way" (apt-get), however the latter will give you automatic security updates

References

GitlabHQ

Fast, secure and stable solution based on Ruby on Rails & Gitolite.

Gitolite

Gitolite is the new framework around git. Easy project and user rights management.

Everything well documented online:

Troubleshooting

User git

After an uninstallation the user git remains on the system.

I had some problems (re)creating a user on my debian system (squeeze). I reverted (uninstalled) a gitolite installation and deleted the user git with 

userdel -rf git

After that I had to recreate a new user git with: 

useradd -d /home/git -b /home/git -m -s /bin/bash git
passwd git

If you not do this, there is not valid shell, the userdir in /home is not created and there is no password!

Gitosis

Is not activly maintained and developed any more. Use gitolite instead.

Troubleshooting

git pull
fatal: unable to access 'https://github.com/somewhere/': 
   Failed to connect to github.com port 443: Connection timed out

Disable the firewall.

Edit the local git configuration: 

git config --global --edit

Trace the problem: 

GIT_TRACE=1 git pull

Possible solutions: 

git config --global url."https://".insteadOf git://
git config --global --unset http.proxy
export GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY=1
git config --global http.sslverify false

git config --global http.sslverify true
git config --global http.sslCAPath /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/cacert.org

See:

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