Difference between revisions of "Ubuntu Standard LTS installation procedures"

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= Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS) Installation =
+
= Ubuntu (Xenial Xerus) 17.04 LTS =
 +
Problems with
 +
* After Suspend: Mounse  not responding => ALt+F1 / Alt+F2 helps , no solution yet (Kernel 4.10 problem?)
 +
 
 +
= Ubuntu (Xenial Xerus) 16.04 LTS =
 +
Nothing fancy here for the average user ...
 +
 
 +
== Troubleshooting ==
 +
 
 +
=== SERIOUS BUG WITH MYSQL UPRGRADE ===
 +
I seriously urge an update of
 +
/etc/mysql
 +
/var/lib/mysql
 +
 
 +
And all databases with mysql dump
 +
 
 +
See:
 +
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-5.7/+bug/1571865
 +
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-5.7/+bug/1573279
 +
 
 +
=== No Network after hibernation ===
 +
 
 +
Create a script like described in this article:
 +
 
 +
* https://askubuntu.com/questions/761180/wifi-doesnt-work-after-suspend-after-16-04-upgrade/761220#761220
 +
 
 +
... and or manually start networking service (systemd! now) with
 +
 +
sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service
 +
 
 +
=== Broken ssh pubkey authentifikation ===
 +
If you upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04 and you where used to login passwordless via ssh with ''user'' to ''computer'' you now always get this error:
 +
 
 +
#> ssh user@computer
 +
Enter passphrase for /home/apos/.ssh/id_rsa:
 +
user@computer's password:
 +
sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation
 +
Permission denied (publickey).
 +
 
 +
Whatever you do, you always will be prompted for passphrase and password.
 +
I created new rsa-keys on the client, but ''ssh-add -D'' does not remove the keys from gnome-keyring-daemon.
 +
Solution, that worked for me, was removing ''gnome-keyring'' like mentioned here:
 +
 
 +
'''!!! All login infomrations of gnome-keyring get lost upon this procedure - better know your passwords !!!'''
 +
 
 +
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/762541/ubuntu-16-04-ssh-sign-and-send-pubkey-signing-failed-agent-refused-operation
 +
* http://stackoverflow.com/questions/25464930/how-to-remove-a-ssh-key
 +
 
 +
On the client machine with the problem:
 +
 
 +
sudo apt-get autoremove gnome-keyring
 +
ssh-add -D
 +
 +
# REBOOT
 +
 +
sudo apt-get install gnome-keyring
 +
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa    # <- or other key
 +
ssh-add -l                # should list the key
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== Bluetooth mouse (Logitech) does not reconnect after suspend ==
 +
This happens on an Thinkpad T520.
 +
 
 +
Short: I added the following to my /etc/rc.local:
 +
 
 +
if cat /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml | grep M557
 +
then
 +
        echo "Do nothing"
 +
 +
else
 +
        # Insert
 +
        #      <device oui="00:1F:20:" type="mouse" name="Bluetooth Mouse M557" pin="0000"/>
 +
        # at the end of
 +
        #      /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml
 +
 
 +
        sed -e '/\<devices\>/i \ \ \ \ \<device oui=\"00:1F:20:\" type=\"mouse\" name=\"Bluetooth Mouse M557\" pin=\"0000\"\/\>' /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml
 +
 
 +
Long story:
 +
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/486347/bluetooth-mouse-not-auto-reconnecting-to-laptop
 +
* http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2279655
 +
 
 +
== Themes ==
 +
Some changes to the Mac OSX like theme of noobslab ''macbuntu'':
 +
* http://www.noobslab.com/2016/04/macbuntu-1604-transformation-pack-for.html
 +
 
 +
In any case '''don't forget to uninstal''' the old themes from previous Ubuntu versions e.g.:
 +
sudo apt purge mac-ithemes-v3
 +
 
 +
I am using the font '''Liberation Font Regular''' everywhere which in my opinion gives the clearest and best results.
 +
 
 +
== High resolution displays ==
 +
 
 +
* http://www.pcworld.com/article/2911509/how-to-make-linuxs-desktop-look-good-on-high-resolution-displays.html
 +
 
 +
Firefox and Thunderbird:
 +
 
 +
layout.css.devPixelsPerPx : -1.0 => 1.1 (110%)
 +
 
 +
== Apt==
 +
The ''apt-get'' command changed to simply ''apt''.
 +
See
 +
man apt-get
 +
 
 +
== Development ==
 +
Easy installation of android-ndk, eclipse, ...
 +
 
 +
Ubuntu make (python3)
 +
* http://www.webupd8.org/2016/03/ubuntu-make-1603-released-with-eclipse.html
 +
* https://github.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-make
 +
 
 +
 
 +
== System ==
 +
 
 +
Status, start, stop of services is new due to usage of systemd:
 +
 
 +
sudo systemctl status SERVICE
 +
sudo systemctl --help
 +
 
 +
Read:
 +
 
 +
* https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/systemd-essentials-working-with-services-units-and-the-journal
 +
 
 +
== Multimedia ==
 +
=== Sound recourder outdated ===
 +
 
 +
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:audio-recorder/ppa
 +
sudo apt-get -y update
 +
sudo apt-get install audio-recorder
 +
 
 +
= Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS) =
 +
== which is the name of my release ==
 +
This is the commonly used name in e.g. the sources.list file:
 +
lsb_release -sc
 +
 
 +
#> trusty
  
 
== HowTo's ==
 
== HowTo's ==
Line 11: Line 145:
 
No need to explain
 
No need to explain
 
* http://www.teamviewer.com
 
* http://www.teamviewer.com
 +
 +
== Make your own distro ==
  
 
Make your own LTS distro (still working on 14.04):
 
Make your own LTS distro (still working on 14.04):
Line 16: Line 152:
 
* [GER] https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Remastersys
 
* [GER] https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Remastersys
 
* Fork of remastersys: https://github.com/mutse/remastersys
 
* Fork of remastersys: https://github.com/mutse/remastersys
−
 
−
== Kernel updates (max 2 kernels) ==
 
−
Thanks to zippo in an article about automate kernel management, I found this very, very good script for keeping an exact number of acutal kernels. The script takes the number of kernel as a parameter or you can specify it in the scirpt. If nothing is given, it defaults to "2". Thanks for this script.
 
−
 
−
* [GER] https://forum.ubuntuusers.de/topic/automatische-verwaltung-der-anzahl-von-kernels/
 
−
 
−
I put it into '''/etc/rc.local''' on every machine I am using:
 
−
 
−
#!/bin/bash
 
−
#
 
−
#      Script zur Reduzierung der installierten Linux-Kernel und -headers
 
−
#      auf eine vorgebbare Anzahl
 
−
#
 
−
# Datei: /opt/kh-manager
 
−
# Version: 1.0
 
−
# Autor: Zippo
 
−
# Datum: 18. 6. 2013
 
−
#
 
−
#      Übergabeparameter: Anzahl der im System verbleibenden Kernel- und Header-Versionen
 
−
#
 
−
#      Achtung: Dieses Script benötigt root-Rechte bei der Ausführung!
 
−
#
 
−
################################################################################
 
−
#
 
−
#      Überprüfung des Übergabeparameters
 
−
#
 
−
if [ "$#" -lt "1" ] ; then
 
−
#      Fall wenn kein Übergabeparameter vorhanden ist:
 
−
#      Anzahl der Kernel und Header = 2
 
−
  maxkh=2
 
−
else
 
−
  maxkh=$1
 
−
#
 
−
  if [ "$maxkh" -lt "1" ] ; then
 
−
#      Fall wenn weniger als 1 Kernel im System verbleiben soll:
 
−
#      Anzahl der Kernel und Header = 1
 
−
    maxkh=1
 
−
  fi
 
−
fi
 
−
#
 
−
################################################################################
 
−
#
 
−
#      Löschung der überzähligen Header-Versionen
 
−
#
 
−
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d' | awk -v maxkh=$maxkh '{if(index($0,"linux-headers")>0){imax=imax+1;hname[imax]=$2}}\
 
−
END{for(i=1;i<=imax-2*maxkh-1;i++){print hname[i]}}' | xargs apt-get -y purge
 
−
 
−
#
 
−
#      Löschung der überzähligen Kernel-Versionen
 
−
#
 
−
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d' | awk -v maxkh=$maxkh '{if(index($0,"linux-image")>0){imax=imax+1;kname[imax]=$2}}\
 
−
END{for(i=1;i<=imax-maxkh-1;i++){print kname[i]}}' | xargs apt-get -y purge
 
  
 
== SSD ==
 
== SSD ==
Line 93: Line 177:
 
* ubuntu-bug package-name
 
* ubuntu-bug package-name
 
  sudo apt-get install python-apport
 
  sudo apt-get install python-apport
 +
 +
== File manager ==
 +
=== Nemo ===
 +
'''Recommendation:''' I personally recommend using the standard file manager ''Nautilus''. Why?: after using Nemo a while, I had some trouble with other things that integrate well into nautilus, but not into nemo. So I reverted to Nautilus, the standard file manager in Ubuntu and Gnome. Nemo is the default for the so-called "Cinnamon-Desktop" which is a desktop environment for Ubuntu (or other linux distributions).
 +
 +
'''Nemo''' is a fork from '''Nautilus and''' used in the fabulous Linux Mint distribution, which is based on Ubuntu:
 +
 +
You can install Nemo via '''WebUpd8 ppa''':
 +
* http://www.webupd8.org/2013/10/install-nemo-with-unity-patches-and.html
 +
 +
sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller  nemo-compare nemo-dropbox nemo-media-columns nemo-pastebin nemo-seahorse nemo-share nemo-emblems nemo-image-converter  nemo-rabbitvcs
 +
sudo apt-get install nemo-terminal
 +
 +
Reuse your nautilus scripts (should work in most cases):
 +
cd ~/.local/share/nemo
 +
rm -rf scripts
 +
ln -s ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts scripts
 +
 +
Make Nemo default:
 +
sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
 +
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
 +
xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search
  
 
== System ==
 
== System ==
Line 201: Line 307:
  
 
=== Encfs ===
 
=== Encfs ===
 +
 +
==== Security issues ====
 +
I you like to use Encfs in the cloud, you should be aware of that with the standard installation precedure the key management is stored _WITHIN_ the datapath. But you can separate this easily:
 +
* My article at the wiki of ubuntu users: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Howto/EncFS_in_der_Cloud [GER]
 +
 +
 
'''IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:'''
 
'''IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:'''
  
Line 257: Line 369:
  
 
== Instant Messaging ==
 
== Instant Messaging ==
 +
=== Skype ===
 
  sudo apt-get install skype
 
  sudo apt-get install skype
  
 
This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!
 
This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!
 +
 +
=== WhatsApp ===
 +
--[[User:Apos|Apos]] ([[User talk:Apos|talk]]) 19:16, 30 April 2016 (CEST): Only tested in 16.04:
 +
 +
* http://www.webupd8.org/2016/04/use-whatsapp-on-your-linux-desktop-with.html
 +
 +
=== Facebook ===
 +
There is a good independent messenger / wraptter out there:
 +
 +
* https://www.linuxbabe.com/instant-messenger/facebook-messenger-linux-ubuntu-16-04
 +
* https://messengerfordesktop.com
 +
 +
Cite:
 +
<cite>"How it works: Messenger for Desktop is just a wrapper for the official client messenger.com, so it does not have an interface of its now. It works exactly like Chrome does, but as a stand-alone app."</cite>
 +
 +
== E-Mail ==
 +
=== Menu is gone - only fullscreen ===
 +
When updating from ealier versions, I happens that the menubar is completely unvisible and thunderbird is in fullscreen:
 +
 +
* http://askubuntu.com/questions/593696/thunderbird-window-gets-stuck-maximized-with-no-window-controls/697840#697840
 +
 +
To solve the problem: First exit Firefox, then rename localstore.rdf and xulstore.json in the profiles directory of thunderbird:
 +
 +
cd ~/.thunderbird/your_profile
 +
mv localstore.rdf localstore.rdf.bak
 +
mv xulstore.json xulstore.json.bak
 +
 +
The only thing you have to do now is to rearrange your frames within firefox.
 +
 +
=== Sort folders ===
 +
If you are used to work with virtual folders than you want to rearrange you folders in the tree of you account. By default thunderbird uses the arrangement at the servers side. This addon will help rearrange your folders:
 +
 +
* https://addons.mozilla.org/de/thunderbird/addon/manually-sort-folders/
  
 
==  Virtualisation ==
 
==  Virtualisation ==
Line 272: Line 418:
 
  Pin-Priority: 1000
 
  Pin-Priority: 1000
  
 +
Don't forget to add your user to the vboxusers group:
 +
 +
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers
  
 
=== Libvirt - KVM ===
 
=== Libvirt - KVM ===
Line 290: Line 439:
 
  sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server
 
  sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server
  
−
== Dokument Management ==
+
== Office ==
 
=== LyX ===  
 
=== LyX ===  
 
* [https://launchpad.net/~lyx-devel/+archive/release LyX ppa]
 
* [https://launchpad.net/~lyx-devel/+archive/release LyX ppa]
Line 344: Line 493:
  
 
== Multimedia ==
 
== Multimedia ==
 +
 +
=== Bluetooth - Headset ===
 +
 +
Unfortunately there are a lot of problems concerning connecting a bluetooth headset:
 +
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bluez/+bug/1283003
 +
 +
This is really no fun and definitely not user friendly.
 +
 +
I found my solution in #149 (took me an hour or so to get there ...)
 +
 +
sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluetooth bluez-* bluez
 +
sudo apt-get install blueman bluez pulseaudio-module-bluetooth --install-suggests
 +
 +
pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
 +
 +
(found here -> http://firstdoit.com/quick-tip-bluetooth-a2dp-on-linux-mint-17-qiana-mate/?utm_source=blog.gadr.me)
 +
 +
 +
IN my case, this partially removes ubuntu-desktop, the unity-control-center and bleuman. I did not reinstall blueman, because everything works now!
 +
 +
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop unity-control-center
 +
 +
My /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf also does not looks - as time of writing and after the bug report - common
 +
 +
 +
# Configuration file for the audio service
 +
 +
# This section contains options which are not specific to any
 +
# particular interface
 +
[General]
 +
 +
# Switch to master role for incoming connections (defaults to true)
 +
#Master=true
 +
 +
# If we want to disable support for specific services
 +
# Defaults to supporting all implemented services
 +
#Disable=Gateway,Source,Socket
 +
 +
# SCO routing. Either PCM or HCI (in which case audio is routed to/from ALSA)
 +
# Defaults to HCI
 +
#SCORouting=PCM
 +
 +
# Automatically connect both A2DP and HFP/HSP profiles for incoming
 +
# connections. Some headsets that support both profiles will only connect the
 +
# other one automatically so the default setting of true is usually a good
 +
# idea.
 +
#AutoConnect=true
 +
 +
# Headset interface specific options (i.e. options which affect how the audio
 +
# service interacts with remote headset devices)
 +
[Headset]
 +
 +
# Set to true to support HFP, false means only HSP is supported
 +
# Defaults to true
 +
HFP=true
 +
 +
# Maximum number of connected HSP/HFP devices per adapter. Defaults to 1
 +
MaxConnected=1
 +
 +
# Set to true to enable use of fast connectable mode (faster page scanning)
 +
# for HFP when incoming call starts. Default settings are restored after
 +
# call is answered or rejected. Page scan interval is much shorter and page
 +
# scan type changed to interlaced. Such allows faster connection initiated
 +
# by a headset.
 +
FastConnectable=false
 +
 +
# Just an example of potential config options for the other interfaces
 +
#[A2DP]
 +
#SBCSources=1
 +
#MPEG12Sources=0
 +
 +
I put the loading of "module-bluetooth-discover" in a script, which I start on login!
 +
 +
#!/bin/bash
 +
pulseaudio -k
 +
sleep 2
 +
 +
if pactl list | grep -i module-bluetooth-discover
 +
then
 +
    echo "OK. Module already loaded"
 +
else
 +
pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
 +
fi
 +
  
 
=== Speech recognition ===
 
=== Speech recognition ===
Line 431: Line 664:
  
 
== Desktop ==  
 
== Desktop ==  
 +
=== Synergy ===
 +
I use sysnergy to share my mouse and keyboard across my pc's. You can therefore use the pricy tool https://symless.com/synergy or the last version which was freely available 1.4.12 like me ;-) I don't know, how much synergy has evolved, but I am fairly happy with the 1.4.12 version - even on windows 10.
 +
You can still compile an use the 1.4.12 version by yourself using cmake:  http://synergy-foss.org/pm/projects/synergy
 +
 +
There is only one glitch with the 1.4.12 version but which can be fixed easy. You will encounter, that the altgr key is not working (@, \, ... for a german keyboard) which is very annoying.
 +
The fix is: http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Synergy_fix_altgr_issue
 +
# configure your server manually
 +
# save the config file
 +
# in "section: screens" add the line "altgr = alt" at the end of each client
 +
# save and start the session with "use existing configuration"
 +
 +
Voilá
 +
 +
=== Health ===
 +
For people like me, that work a lot on computer screens it is very important to keep in mind that excessive work under artificial light could damage your health. These are fundamental and science proven insights, we shou be aware off:
 +
 +
# Regularly go away from the screen to rest you eyes, stand up an make some gym to prevent spinal and back disorder. Sometimes look into a farer distance. Move your eyes, so their muscles can relax.
 +
# Upon sunset, dim you monitor and - if possible - use a bluefilter app (also for your smartphone).
 +
 +
There are two apps, that can help you:
 +
 +
* F.lux (a gui for Xlux): https://justgetflux.com/linux.html
 +
Install debs from website.
 +
 +
* Workrave: http://www.workrave.org/
 +
sudo apt-get install workrave
 +
 +
There is nothing more to say, but do!
 +
 +
=== Always show menu ===
 +
This was actually backported to 14.04  hurray ! --[[User:Apos|Apos]] ([[User talk:Apos|talk]]) 18:57, 19 October 2015 (CEST)
 +
 +
 +
Get rid of the most anoying feature ever:
 +
 +
sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
 +
 +
Open the '''dconf''' editor:
 +
com -> canonical -> unity -> always-show-menus (x)
 +
 
=== Nautilus script ===
 
=== Nautilus script ===
 
  apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager
 
  apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager
Line 452: Line 725:
 
=== Themes ===
 
=== Themes ===
 
==== Noobs Lab - MBuntu ====
 
==== Noobs Lab - MBuntu ====
−
THIS MY FAVORITE THEME TOGETHER WITH HUMANITY COLORS
+
THIS IS '''MY FAVORITE THEME''' TOGETHER WITH HUMANITY COLORS
  
 
For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion:
 
For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion:
Line 460: Line 733:
 
  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
 
  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes
  
−
My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely good theme "MBuntu-x" with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer. As addition I am using the '''mac-cursers''' theme which are very well designed.  
+
My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely good '''MBuntu-x''' with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer.  
 +
 
 +
As addition I am using the cursor '''"mac-cursers"''' theme which are very well designed.  
  
 
  sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4
 
  sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4
  
−
In conjunction with this theme am cursers I am using the [[#Humanity_Colors|Humanity Colors (see section)]] pack and the '''humanity-dark-aqua symbols''', which are very crisp and clear. They correspondent very well with the mac theme.
+
In conjunction with this theme I am using the '''[[#Humanity_Colors|Humanity Colors (see section)]]''' pack and the '''humanity-dark-aqua symbols''', which are very crisp and clear. They correspondent very well with the mac theme.
 +
 
 +
For a sharp an crispy font I use the '''Liberation Font Regular'''
 +
 
 +
sudo apt-get install fonts-liberation
 +
 
 +
Everything looks then like this:
  
 
[[File:Mbuntu_Theme_14_04.png|800px|MbuntuX Theme]]
 
[[File:Mbuntu_Theme_14_04.png|800px|MbuntuX Theme]]

Latest revision as of 19:53, 5 October 2017

Contents

Ubuntu (Xenial Xerus) 17.04 LTS

Problems with

  • After Suspend: Mounse not responding => ALt+F1 / Alt+F2 helps , no solution yet (Kernel 4.10 problem?)

Ubuntu (Xenial Xerus) 16.04 LTS

Nothing fancy here for the average user ...

Troubleshooting

SERIOUS BUG WITH MYSQL UPRGRADE

I seriously urge an update of 

/etc/mysql
/var/lib/mysql

And all databases with mysql dump

See:

No Network after hibernation

Create a script like described in this article:

... and or manually start networking service (systemd! now) with

sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service

Broken ssh pubkey authentifikation

If you upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04 and you where used to login passwordless via ssh with user to computer you now always get this error: 

#> ssh user@computer
Enter passphrase for /home/apos/.ssh/id_rsa:
user@computer's password:
sign_and_send_pubkey: signing failed: agent refused operation
Permission denied (publickey).

Whatever you do, you always will be prompted for passphrase and password. I created new rsa-keys on the client, but ssh-add -D does not remove the keys from gnome-keyring-daemon. Solution, that worked for me, was removing gnome-keyring like mentioned here:

!!! All login infomrations of gnome-keyring get lost upon this procedure - better know your passwords !!!

On the client machine with the problem: 

sudo apt-get autoremove gnome-keyring
ssh-add -D

# REBOOT

sudo apt-get install gnome-keyring
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa     # <- or other key
ssh-add -l                # should list the key


Bluetooth mouse (Logitech) does not reconnect after suspend

This happens on an Thinkpad T520.

Short: I added the following to my /etc/rc.local: 

if cat /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml | grep M557
then 
       echo "Do nothing"

else
       # Insert 
       #       <device oui="00:1F:20:" type="mouse" name="Bluetooth Mouse M557" pin="0000"/>
       # at the end of 
       #       /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml

       sed -e '/\<devices\>/i \ \ \ \ \<device oui=\"00:1F:20:\" type=\"mouse\" name=\"Bluetooth Mouse M557\" pin=\"0000\"\/\>' /usr/share/gnome-bluetooth/pin-code-database.xml

Long story:

Themes

Some changes to the Mac OSX like theme of noobslab macbuntu:

In any case don't forget to uninstal the old themes from previous Ubuntu versions e.g.: 

sudo apt purge mac-ithemes-v3

I am using the font Liberation Font Regular everywhere which in my opinion gives the clearest and best results.

High resolution displays

Firefox and Thunderbird: 

layout.css.devPixelsPerPx : -1.0 => 1.1 (110%)

Apt

The apt-get command changed to simply apt. See 

man apt-get

Development

Easy installation of android-ndk, eclipse, ...

Ubuntu make (python3)


System

Status, start, stop of services is new due to usage of systemd: 

sudo systemctl status SERVICE
sudo systemctl --help

Read:

Multimedia

Sound recourder outdated

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:audio-recorder/ppa
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get install audio-recorder

Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS)

which is the name of my release

This is the commonly used name in e.g. the sources.list file: 

lsb_release -sc

#> trusty

HowTo's

* (ENG) HowToUbuntu.org - Things to do after installing trusty thar
* (GER) Linux und Ich - Todos nach Installation von Ubuntu 14.04

At the end of the first link (howtoubuntu.org) you'll find some other useful links.

To help a friend: Teamviewer

No need to explain

Make your own distro

Make your own LTS distro (still working on 14.04):

SSD

IMPORTANT: concerning overprovisioning

If you like to use overprovisioning with an encrypted system, you have to use the alternate install cd and manually partition your drive.

The standard installation procedure will use the whole disk space. To use overprovisioning leave a few GB space at the end of the ssd.

Basics - vim, screen

Some absolut essential programs are "vim" for system edits and "screen" for a shell that survives login / logouts or for remote administration. 

sudo apt-get install vim screen

sudo /etc/vim/vimrc
sudo update-alternatives --config editor

apt-get udate && apt-get dist-upgrade

Usage of screen, e.g. for remote administration of your new installation: 

autossh COMPUTERNAME -t "screen -RD"

Ubuntu bugs

  • apport-collect 1266305
  • ubuntu-bug package-name
sudo apt-get install python-apport

File manager

Nemo

Recommendation: I personally recommend using the standard file manager Nautilus. Why?: after using Nemo a while, I had some trouble with other things that integrate well into nautilus, but not into nemo. So I reverted to Nautilus, the standard file manager in Ubuntu and Gnome. Nemo is the default for the so-called "Cinnamon-Desktop" which is a desktop environment for Ubuntu (or other linux distributions).

Nemo is a fork from Nautilus and used in the fabulous Linux Mint distribution, which is based on Ubuntu:

You can install Nemo via WebUpd8 ppa: 

sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller  nemo-compare nemo-dropbox nemo-media-columns nemo-pastebin nemo-seahorse nemo-share nemo-emblems nemo-image-converter  nemo-rabbitvcs
sudo apt-get install nemo-terminal

Reuse your nautilus scripts (should work in most cases): 

cd ~/.local/share/nemo
rm -rf scripts
ln -s ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts scripts

Make Nemo default: 

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

System

DKMS

apt-get install dkms gparted synaptic

Filessystem

The Exfat is commonly used on USB storage devices with more than 32 GB capacity, but is not yet part of the standard ubuntu installation.

The Usermode tools are necessary for dealing with usermode filesystems like Gvfs. 

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils usermode

Enable Hibernation

vim /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Memory

What Steganos (R) is for windows users, Bleachbit is for Linux users: 

man bleachbit

[...]
BleachBit  deletes  unnecessary  files to free valuable disk space, maintain privacy, and remove junk. Rid your system of old clutter including cache, temporary files, cookies, and broken shortcuts.  It wipes clean Bash, Beagle, Epiphany, Firefox, Flash, Java, KDE, OpenOffice.org, Opera, RealPlayer, rpmbuild, VIM, XChat, and more.
[...]



sudo apt-get install bleachbit

Special Hardware Configuration

Thinkpad laptop - TLP

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/thinkpad-extras && \
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp && \
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install gobi-loader tp-wwan-hotkey tlp tp-smapi-dkms

Edit your 

/etc/default/tlp

service tlp restart

SSD Trim

Enabled in 14.04 LTS by default !!!

On encrypted systems: 

vim /etc/crypttab

sda5_crypt UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX none luks,discard

vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf +199

issue_discards = 1

Update boot images: 

update-initramfs -k all -c

This should be already there on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 

vim /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

#!/bin/sh
# call fstrim-all to trim all mounted file systems which support it
set -e
exec fstrim-all

Reboot and check: 

sudo fstrim -v /

Security

Network

Ssh and others ... 

apt-get install ssh autossh mosh wireshark curl zenmap \
inetutils-traceroute mtr arp-scan clusterssh libnss-myhostname \
iperf etherape ethstatus iftop iptraf iptraf-ng nethogs vnstat dstat ntop darkstat

Ubuntu 12:04: see: SSH_-_Client_and_Server#mosh_--ssh

See article: Sending Mails with in bash 

apt-get install ca-certificates heirloom-mailx msmtp

For Wireshark, see Wireshark#Working_as_non-admin and do: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common
sudo usermod -a -G wireshark ${USER}

Tools

apt-get install keepassx gufw network-manager-openvpn nautilus-wipe

* Password Manager (keepassx)
* Firewall GUI (gufw)
* VPN (network-manager-openvpn)
* Secure deletion of files and folders (nautilus-wipe)

Encfs

Security issues

I you like to use Encfs in the cloud, you should be aware of that with the standard installation precedure the key management is stored _WITHIN_ the datapath. But you can separate this easily:


IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:

If you like to see your mounted Encfs-volumes within a samba share, you have to mount the encfs-volume with the option 

--allow_other

This can be done either with a click in the correspondig field in encfs manager or manually.

You also have to edit like this: 

sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf

# Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount options.
user_allow_other

See:


EncFS Manager

add-apt-repository ppa:gencfsm/ppa
apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnome-encfs-manager

Truecrypt with app indicator (saucy)

Disable online services in unity

Package Management and tweaking

Synaptic is still best for all special tasks of package management with a graphical environment: 

apt-get install synaptic

Ubuntu Tweak - Tweak Ubuntu

Since "unity Tweak Took exists" ... 

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool

... not really necessary any more, but has some nice features.

Prograss Fancy in apt

echo 'Dpkg::Progress-Fancy "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99progressbar

Y-PPA Manager

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager && sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Cloud

Instant Messaging

Skype

sudo apt-get install skype

This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!

WhatsApp

--Apos (talk) 19:16, 30 April 2016 (CEST): Only tested in 16.04:

Facebook

There is a good independent messenger / wraptter out there:

Cite: "How it works: Messenger for Desktop is just a wrapper for the official client messenger.com, so it does not have an interface of its now. It works exactly like Chrome does, but as a stand-alone app."

E-Mail

Menu is gone - only fullscreen

When updating from ealier versions, I happens that the menubar is completely unvisible and thunderbird is in fullscreen:

To solve the problem: First exit Firefox, then rename localstore.rdf and xulstore.json in the profiles directory of thunderbird: 

cd ~/.thunderbird/your_profile
mv localstore.rdf localstore.rdf.bak
mv xulstore.json xulstore.json.bak

The only thing you have to do now is to rearrange your frames within firefox.

Sort folders

If you are used to work with virtual folders than you want to rearrange you folders in the tree of you account. By default thunderbird uses the arrangement at the servers side. This addon will help rearrange your folders:

Virtualisation

Virtualbox

Due to some problems with virtualbox updates. I only upgrade manually and if there are really problems. Therefor I pin the actual version, until I am shure, I want to upgrade to the next version: 

#> sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences
Package: virtualbox-4.3
Pin: version 4.3.24*
Pin-Priority: 1000

Don't forget to add your user to the vboxusers group: 

sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

Libvirt - KVM

Virt-Manager for controlling other machines.

It is not possible to use kvm and virtualbox on the same machine! You can install them both, but not run both daemons at the same time 

apt-get install virt-manager

Remote Desktop

X2Go 

 sudo apt-get install x2go-client remmina

Database

apt-get install automysqlbackup
sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server

Office

LyX

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:lyx-devel/release
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install lyx
  • Add Texlive an additional packages
sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-latex-extra

Libre Office

Latest stable version:

Tight to a stable major version, e.g. 5.0:

Editor

Sublime Text editor

apt-get update && apt-get install sublime-text-installer

Version Control

Subversion - git

apt-get install git

Subversion

Use a special svn version (only for 12.04) 

apt-get install subversion

See: Upgrade projects to match new svn version!

RabbitVCS

Nautilus addon. See: SVN#RabbitVCS

Java

See the article about Grails.

Grails

Backup

Lucky Backup

apt-get install luckybackup

Multimedia

Bluetooth - Headset

Unfortunately there are a lot of problems concerning connecting a bluetooth headset:

This is really no fun and definitely not user friendly.

I found my solution in #149 (took me an hour or so to get there ...) 

sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluetooth bluez-* bluez
sudo apt-get install blueman bluez pulseaudio-module-bluetooth --install-suggests

pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

(found here -> http://firstdoit.com/quick-tip-bluetooth-a2dp-on-linux-mint-17-qiana-mate/?utm_source=blog.gadr.me)


IN my case, this partially removes ubuntu-desktop, the unity-control-center and bleuman. I did not reinstall blueman, because everything works now! 

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop unity-control-center

My /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf also does not looks - as time of writing and after the bug report - common 


# Configuration file for the audio service

# This section contains options which are not specific to any
# particular interface
[General]

# Switch to master role for incoming connections (defaults to true)
#Master=true

# If we want to disable support for specific services
# Defaults to supporting all implemented services
#Disable=Gateway,Source,Socket

# SCO routing. Either PCM or HCI (in which case audio is routed to/from ALSA)
# Defaults to HCI
#SCORouting=PCM

# Automatically connect both A2DP and HFP/HSP profiles for incoming
# connections. Some headsets that support both profiles will only connect the
# other one automatically so the default setting of true is usually a good
# idea.
#AutoConnect=true

# Headset interface specific options (i.e. options which affect how the audio
# service interacts with remote headset devices)
[Headset]

# Set to true to support HFP, false means only HSP is supported
# Defaults to true
HFP=true

# Maximum number of connected HSP/HFP devices per adapter. Defaults to 1
MaxConnected=1

# Set to true to enable use of fast connectable mode (faster page scanning)
# for HFP when incoming call starts. Default settings are restored after
# call is answered or rejected. Page scan interval is much shorter and page
# scan type changed to interlaced. Such allows faster connection initiated
# by a headset.
FastConnectable=false

# Just an example of potential config options for the other interfaces
#[A2DP]
#SBCSources=1
#MPEG12Sources=0

I put the loading of "module-bluetooth-discover" in a script, which I start on login! 

#!/bin/bash
pulseaudio -k
sleep 2

if pactl list | grep -i module-bluetooth-discover
then
   echo "OK. Module already loaded"
else
	pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
fi


Speech recognition

TTS

apt-get install gespeaker mbrola gespeaker-mbrola-en gespeaker-mbrola-de

Mbrola: see https://code.google.com/p/gespeaker/wiki/InstallMbrola

Pulseaudio Equalizer

Still working on 14.04!

Music, Video and Codecs

apt-get install flashplugin-installer vlc handbrake handbrake-cli clementine flac \
avidemux winff acetoneiso audacity \
ubuntu-restricted-extras easytag sound-juicer soundkonverter \
minitube youtube-dl phonon-backend-gstreamer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse

ffmpeg

The package ffmpeg is not existant any more.

This is needed for e.g. MediathekView.

Instead: 

sudo  apt-get install libav-tools libavdevice-extra-53 libswscale-extra-2

But with a saucy repo it is available: 

# Replace avconv with the real ffmpeg
#   www.askubuntu.com/a/373509/165265
#
sudo apt-get purge libav-tools
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jon-severinsson/ffmpeg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install frei0r-plugins              # recommended
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

Libdvdcss

For the "official way" see: 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 && \
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

Reboot the machine.

For the "inofficial way", see: 

echo 'deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
echo 'deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
wget -O - http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc%7Csudo apt-key add -

MediathekView

Needs vlc and ffmpeg:

Photo

My favorite tools: 

apt-get install  gimp-gmic gimp-data-extras gimp-dcraw  gimp-plugin-registry \
gnome-xcf-thumbnailer gthumb gimp-help-de darktable phatch rapid-photo-downloader \
&& apt-get clean

Label CD's

For labeling audio-cd's, disc-cover is an excellent choice. It uses LaTeX to render very nice labels. It should not lack on any multimedia station. You can produce very kind locking sheets from a simple piece of A4-paper.

See my - german - article here an use the little zenity script: 

sudo apt-get install disc-cover # adds LaTeX - app. 150 MB

Desktop

Synergy

I use sysnergy to share my mouse and keyboard across my pc's. You can therefore use the pricy tool https://symless.com/synergy or the last version which was freely available 1.4.12 like me ;-) I don't know, how much synergy has evolved, but I am fairly happy with the 1.4.12 version - even on windows 10. You can still compile an use the 1.4.12 version by yourself using cmake: http://synergy-foss.org/pm/projects/synergy

There is only one glitch with the 1.4.12 version but which can be fixed easy. You will encounter, that the altgr key is not working (@, \, ... for a german keyboard) which is very annoying. The fix is: http://shitwefoundout.com/wiki/Synergy_fix_altgr_issue

  1. configure your server manually
  2. save the config file
  3. in "section: screens" add the line "altgr = alt" at the end of each client
  4. save and start the session with "use existing configuration"

Voilá

Health

For people like me, that work a lot on computer screens it is very important to keep in mind that excessive work under artificial light could damage your health. These are fundamental and science proven insights, we shou be aware off:

  1. Regularly go away from the screen to rest you eyes, stand up an make some gym to prevent spinal and back disorder. Sometimes look into a farer distance. Move your eyes, so their muscles can relax.
  2. Upon sunset, dim you monitor and - if possible - use a bluefilter app (also for your smartphone).

There are two apps, that can help you: 

Install debs from website.

sudo apt-get install workrave

There is nothing more to say, but do!

Always show menu

This was actually backported to 14.04 hurray ! --Apos (talk) 18:57, 19 October 2015 (CEST)


Get rid of the most anoying feature ever: 

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Open the dconf editor: 

com -> canonical -> unity -> always-show-menus (x)

Nautilus script

apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager

notify (saucy)

add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik 
add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
apt-get upgrade && apt-get update 
apt get install libnotify-bin
pkill notify-osd
apt-get install notifyosdconfig

libnotify

pkill notify-osd
gsettings set com.canonical.notify-osd gravity 3

Remove overlay bars in Ubuntu

gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false

Themes

Noobs Lab - MBuntu

THIS IS MY FAVORITE THEME TOGETHER WITH HUMANITY COLORS

For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion: 

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes

My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely good MBuntu-x with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer.

As addition I am using the cursor "mac-cursers" theme which are very well designed. 

sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4

In conjunction with this theme I am using the Humanity Colors (see section) pack and the humanity-dark-aqua symbols, which are very crisp and clear. They correspondent very well with the mac theme.

For a sharp an crispy font I use the Liberation Font Regular 

sudo apt-get install fonts-liberation

Everything looks then like this:

MbuntuX Theme

Humanity Colors

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ravefinity-project/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install humanity-colors

Elementary theme and Gnome Icon theme

apt-get install elementary-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-full

Evolve Theme

add-apt-repository ppa:satyajit-happy/themes
apt-get update && apt-get install evolve-gtk-theme

Screencast

sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop

Or try (saucy)

Wine

apt-get install wine1.7 winetricks

I recommend reading this sections too: Wine on ubuntu

EBooks

See:

A very godd Tool for E-Books is calibre: 

sudo apt-get install calibre

Installs: 

calibre calibre-bin fonts-mathjax libchm1 libjs-mathjax libpodofo0.9.0 libtidy-0.99-0 python-apsw \
python-beautifulsoup python-cherrypy3 python-cssselect python-cssutils python-dateutil python-feedparser \
python-markdown python-mechanize python-pygments python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru \
python-routes python-utidylib python-webo
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