Ubuntu Standard LTS installation procedures

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Revision as of 07:14, 23 November 2015 by Apos (talk | contribs) (→‎Dokument Management)

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Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS) Installation

which is the name of my release

This is the commonly used name in e.g. the sources.list file: 

lsb_release -sc

#> trusty

HowTo's

* (ENG) HowToUbuntu.org - Things to do after installing trusty thar
* (GER) Linux und Ich - Todos nach Installation von Ubuntu 14.04

At the end of the first link (howtoubuntu.org) you'll find some other useful links.

To help a friend: Teamviewer

No need to explain

Make your own distro

Make your own LTS distro (still working on 14.04):

SSD

IMPORTANT: concerning overprovisioning

If you like to use overprovisioning with an encrypted system, you have to use the alternate install cd and manually partition your drive.

The standard installation procedure will use the whole disk space. To use overprovisioning leave a few GB space at the end of the ssd.

Basics - vim, screen

Some absolut essential programs are "vim" for system edits and "screen" for a shell that survives login / logouts or for remote administration. 

sudo apt-get install vim screen

sudo /etc/vim/vimrc
sudo update-alternatives --config editor

apt-get udate && apt-get dist-upgrade

Usage of screen, e.g. for remote administration of your new installation: 

autossh COMPUTERNAME -t "screen -RD"

Ubuntu bugs

  • apport-collect 1266305
  • ubuntu-bug package-name
sudo apt-get install python-apport

File manager

Nemo

The standard file manager in Ubuntu is Nautilus. Nemo is a fork from nautilus and used in the fabulous Linux Mint distribution, which is based on Ubuntu:

You can install Nemo via WebUpd8 ppa: 

sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller  nemo-compare nemo-dropbox nemo-media-columns nemo-pastebin nemo-seahorse nemo-share nemo-emblems nemo-image-converter  nemo-rabbitvcs
sudo apt-get install nemo-terminal

Reuse your nautilus scripts (should work in most cases): 

cd ~/.local/share/nemo
rm -rf scripts
ln -s ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts scripts

Make Nemo default: 

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

System

DKMS

apt-get install dkms gparted synaptic

Filessystem

The Exfat is commonly used on USB storage devices with more than 32 GB capacity, but is not yet part of the standard ubuntu installation.

The Usermode tools are necessary for dealing with usermode filesystems like Gvfs. 

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils usermode

Enable Hibernation

vim /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Memory

What Steganos (R) is for windows users, Bleachbit is for Linux users: 

man bleachbit

[...]
BleachBit  deletes  unnecessary  files to free valuable disk space, maintain privacy, and remove junk. Rid your system of old clutter including cache, temporary files, cookies, and broken shortcuts.  It wipes clean Bash, Beagle, Epiphany, Firefox, Flash, Java, KDE, OpenOffice.org, Opera, RealPlayer, rpmbuild, VIM, XChat, and more.
[...]



sudo apt-get install bleachbit

Special Hardware Configuration

Thinkpad laptop - TLP

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/thinkpad-extras && \
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp && \
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install gobi-loader tp-wwan-hotkey tlp tp-smapi-dkms

Edit your 

/etc/default/tlp

service tlp restart

SSD Trim

Enabled in 14.04 LTS by default !!!

On encrypted systems: 

vim /etc/crypttab

sda5_crypt UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX none luks,discard

vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf +199

issue_discards = 1

Update boot images: 

update-initramfs -k all -c

This should be already there on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 

vim /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

#!/bin/sh
# call fstrim-all to trim all mounted file systems which support it
set -e
exec fstrim-all

Reboot and check: 

sudo fstrim -v /

Security

Network

Ssh and others ... 

apt-get install ssh autossh mosh wireshark curl zenmap \
inetutils-traceroute mtr arp-scan clusterssh libnss-myhostname \
iperf etherape ethstatus iftop iptraf iptraf-ng nethogs vnstat dstat ntop darkstat

Ubuntu 12:04: see: SSH_-_Client_and_Server#mosh_--ssh

See article: Sending Mails with in bash 

apt-get install ca-certificates heirloom-mailx msmtp

For Wireshark, see Wireshark#Working_as_non-admin and do: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common
sudo usermod -a -G wireshark ${USER}

Tools

apt-get install keepassx gufw network-manager-openvpn nautilus-wipe

* Password Manager (keepassx)
* Firewall GUI (gufw)
* VPN (network-manager-openvpn)
* Secure deletion of files and folders (nautilus-wipe)

Encfs

IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:

If you like to see your mounted Encfs-volumes within a samba share, you have to mount the encfs-volume with the option 

--allow_other

This can be done either with a click in the correspondig field in encfs manager or manually.

You also have to edit like this: 

sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf

# Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount options.
user_allow_other

See:


EncFS Manager

add-apt-repository ppa:gencfsm/ppa
apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnome-encfs-manager

Truecrypt with app indicator (saucy)

Disable online services in unity

Package Management and tweaking

Synaptic is still best for all special tasks of package management with a graphical environment: 

apt-get install synaptic

Ubuntu Tweak - Tweak Ubuntu

Since "unity Tweak Took exists" ... 

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool

... not really necessary any more, but has some nice features.

Prograss Fancy in apt

echo 'Dpkg::Progress-Fancy "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99progressbar

Y-PPA Manager

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager && sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Cloud

Instant Messaging

sudo apt-get install skype

This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!

E-Mail

Menu is gone - only fullscreen

When updating from ealier versions, I happens that the menubar is completely unvisible and thunderbird is in fullscreen:

To solve the problem: First exit Firefox, then rename localstore.rdf and xulstore.json in the profiles directory of thunderbird: 

cd ~/.thunderbird/your_profile
mv localstore.rdf localstore.rdf.bak
mv xulstore.json xulstore.json.bak

The only thing you have to do now is to rearrange your frames within firefox.

Sort folders

If you are used to work with virtual folders than you want to rearrange you folders in the tree of you account. By default thunderbird uses the arrangement at the servers side. This addon will help rearrange your folders:

Virtualisation

Virtualbox

Due to some problems with virtualbox updates. I only upgrade manually and if there are really problems. Therefor I pin the actual version, until I am shure, I want to upgrade to the next version: 

#> sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences
Package: virtualbox-4.3
Pin: version 4.3.24*
Pin-Priority: 1000

Don't forget to add your user to the vboxusers group: 

sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

Libvirt - KVM

Virt-Manager for controlling other machines.

It is not possible to use kvm and virtualbox on the same machine! You can install them both, but not run both daemons at the same time 

apt-get install virt-manager

Remote Desktop

X2Go 

 sudo apt-get install x2go-client remmina

Database

apt-get install automysqlbackup
sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server

Document Management

LyX

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:lyx-devel/release
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install lyx
  • Add Texlive an additional packages
sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-latex-extra

Libre Office

Latest stable version:

Tight to a stable major version, e.g. 5.0:

Editor

Sublime Text editor

apt-get update && apt-get install sublime-text-installer

Version Control

Subversion - git

apt-get install git

Subversion

Use a special svn version (only for 12.04) 

apt-get install subversion

See: Upgrade projects to match new svn version!

RabbitVCS

Nautilus addon. See: SVN#RabbitVCS

Java

See the article about Grails.

Grails

Backup

Lucky Backup

apt-get install luckybackup

Multimedia

Bluetooth - Headset

Unfortunately there are a lot of problems concerning connecting a bluetooth headset:

This is really no fun and definitely not user friendly.

I found my solution in #149 (took me an hour or so to get there ...) 

sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluetooth bluez-* bluez
sudo apt-get install blueman bluez pulseaudio-module-bluetooth --install-suggests

pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

(found here -> http://firstdoit.com/quick-tip-bluetooth-a2dp-on-linux-mint-17-qiana-mate/?utm_source=blog.gadr.me)


IN my case, this partially removes ubuntu-desktop, the unity-control-center and bleuman. I did not reinstall blueman, because everything works now! 

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop unity-control-center

My /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf also does not looks - as time of writing and after the bug report - common 


# Configuration file for the audio service

# This section contains options which are not specific to any
# particular interface
[General]

# Switch to master role for incoming connections (defaults to true)
#Master=true

# If we want to disable support for specific services
# Defaults to supporting all implemented services
#Disable=Gateway,Source,Socket

# SCO routing. Either PCM or HCI (in which case audio is routed to/from ALSA)
# Defaults to HCI
#SCORouting=PCM

# Automatically connect both A2DP and HFP/HSP profiles for incoming
# connections. Some headsets that support both profiles will only connect the
# other one automatically so the default setting of true is usually a good
# idea.
#AutoConnect=true

# Headset interface specific options (i.e. options which affect how the audio
# service interacts with remote headset devices)
[Headset]

# Set to true to support HFP, false means only HSP is supported
# Defaults to true
HFP=true

# Maximum number of connected HSP/HFP devices per adapter. Defaults to 1
MaxConnected=1

# Set to true to enable use of fast connectable mode (faster page scanning)
# for HFP when incoming call starts. Default settings are restored after
# call is answered or rejected. Page scan interval is much shorter and page
# scan type changed to interlaced. Such allows faster connection initiated
# by a headset.
FastConnectable=false

# Just an example of potential config options for the other interfaces
#[A2DP]
#SBCSources=1
#MPEG12Sources=0

I put the loading of "module-bluetooth-discover" in a script, which I start on login! 

#!/bin/bash
pulseaudio -k
sleep 2

if pactl list | grep -i module-bluetooth-discover
then
   echo "OK. Module already loaded"
else
	pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
fi


Speech recognition

TTS

apt-get install gespeaker mbrola gespeaker-mbrola-en gespeaker-mbrola-de

Mbrola: see https://code.google.com/p/gespeaker/wiki/InstallMbrola

Pulseaudio Equalizer

Still working on 14.04!

Music, Video and Codecs

apt-get install flashplugin-installer vlc handbrake handbrake-cli clementine flac \
avidemux winff acetoneiso audacity \
ubuntu-restricted-extras easytag sound-juicer soundkonverter \
minitube youtube-dl phonon-backend-gstreamer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse

ffmpeg

The package ffmpeg is not existant any more.

This is needed for e.g. MediathekView.

Instead: 

sudo  apt-get install libav-tools libavdevice-extra-53 libswscale-extra-2

But with a saucy repo it is available: 

# Replace avconv with the real ffmpeg
#   www.askubuntu.com/a/373509/165265
#
sudo apt-get purge libav-tools
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jon-severinsson/ffmpeg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install frei0r-plugins              # recommended
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

Libdvdcss

For the "official way" see: 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 && \
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

Reboot the machine.

For the "inofficial way", see: 

echo 'deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
echo 'deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
wget -O - http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc%7Csudo apt-key add -

MediathekView

Needs vlc and ffmpeg:

Photo

My favorite tools: 

apt-get install  gimp-gmic gimp-data-extras gimp-dcraw  gimp-plugin-registry \
gnome-xcf-thumbnailer gthumb gimp-help-de darktable phatch rapid-photo-downloader \
&& apt-get clean

Label CD's

For labeling audio-cd's, disc-cover is an excellent choice. It uses LaTeX to render very nice labels. It should not lack on any multimedia station. You can produce very kind locking sheets from a simple piece of A4-paper.

See my - german - article here an use the little zenity script: 

sudo apt-get install disc-cover # adds LaTeX - app. 150 MB

Desktop

Always show menu

This was actually backported to 14.04 hurray ! --Apos (talk) 18:57, 19 October 2015 (CEST)


Get rid of the most anoying feature ever: 

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Open the dconf editor: 

com -> canonical -> unity -> always-show-menus (x)

Nautilus script

apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager

notify (saucy)

add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik 
add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
apt-get upgrade && apt-get update 
apt get install libnotify-bin
pkill notify-osd
apt-get install notifyosdconfig

libnotify

pkill notify-osd
gsettings set com.canonical.notify-osd gravity 3

Remove overlay bars in Ubuntu

gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false

Themes

Noobs Lab - MBuntu

THIS MY FAVORITE THEME TOGETHER WITH HUMANITY COLORS

For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion: 

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes

My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely good theme "MBuntu-x" with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer. As addition I am using the mac-cursers theme which are very well designed. 

sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4

In conjunction with this theme am cursers I am using the Humanity Colors (see section) pack and the humanity-dark-aqua symbols, which are very crisp and clear. They correspondent very well with the mac theme.

MbuntuX Theme

Humanity Colors

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ravefinity-project/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install humanity-colors

Elementary theme and Gnome Icon theme

apt-get install elementary-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-full

Evolve Theme

add-apt-repository ppa:satyajit-happy/themes
apt-get update && apt-get install evolve-gtk-theme

Screencast

sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop

Or try (saucy)

Wine

apt-get install wine1.7 winetricks

I recommend reading this sections too: Wine on ubuntu

EBooks

See:

A very godd Tool for E-Books is calibre: 

sudo apt-get install calibre

Installs: 

calibre calibre-bin fonts-mathjax libchm1 libjs-mathjax libpodofo0.9.0 libtidy-0.99-0 python-apsw \
python-beautifulsoup python-cherrypy3 python-cssselect python-cssutils python-dateutil python-feedparser \
python-markdown python-mechanize python-pygments python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru \
python-routes python-utidylib python-webo
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