Ubuntu Standard LTS installation procedures

From Blue-IT.org Wiki

Revision as of 07:40, 17 September 2015 by Apos (talk | contribs) (→‎Ubuntu Tweak)

Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS) Installation

HowTo's

* (ENG) HowToUbuntu.org - Things to do after installing trusty thar
* (GER) Linux und Ich - Todos nach Installation von Ubuntu 14.04

At the end of the first link (howtoubuntu.org) you'll find some other useful links.

Kernel updates (max 2 kernels)

Thanks to zippo in an article about automate kernel management, I found this very, very good script for keeping an exact number of acutal kernels. The script takes the number of kernel as a parameter or you can specify it in the scirpt. If nothing is given, it defaults to "2". Thanks for this script.

I put it into /etc/rc.local on every machine I am using: 

#!/bin/bash
#
#       Script zur Reduzierung der installierten Linux-Kernel und -headers
#       auf eine vorgebbare Anzahl
#
#	Datei: 	/opt/kh-manager
#	Version: 1.0
#	Autor: 	Zippo
#	Datum: 	18. 6. 2013
#
#       Übergabeparameter: Anzahl der im System verbleibenden Kernel- und Header-Versionen
#
#       Achtung: Dieses Script benötigt root-Rechte bei der Ausführung!
#
################################################################################
#
#       Überprüfung des Übergabeparameters
#
if [ "$#" -lt "1" ] ; then
#       Fall wenn kein Übergabeparameter vorhanden ist:
#       Anzahl der Kernel und Header = 2
  maxkh=2
else
  maxkh=$1
#
  if [ "$maxkh" -lt "1" ] ; then
#       Fall wenn weniger als 1 Kernel im System verbleiben soll:
#       Anzahl der Kernel und Header = 1
    maxkh=1
  fi
fi
#
################################################################################
#
#       Löschung der überzähligen Header-Versionen
#
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d' | awk -v maxkh=$maxkh '{if(index($0,"linux-headers")>0){imax=imax+1;hname[imax]=$2}}\
END{for(i=1;i<=imax-2*maxkh-1;i++){print hname[i]}}' | xargs apt-get -y purge 

#
#       Löschung der überzähligen Kernel-Versionen
#
dpkg -l 'linux-*' | sed '/^ii/!d' | awk -v maxkh=$maxkh '{if(index($0,"linux-image")>0){imax=imax+1;kname[imax]=$2}}\
END{for(i=1;i<=imax-maxkh-1;i++){print kname[i]}}' | xargs apt-get -y purge

SSD

IMPORTANT: concerning overprovisioning

If you like to use overprovisioning with an encrypted system, you have to use the alternate install cd and manually partition your drive.

The standard installation procedure will use the whole disk space. To use overprovisioning leave a few GB space at the end of the ssd.

Basics - vim, screen

Some absolut essential programs are "vim" for system edits and "screen" for a shell that survives login / logouts or for remote administration. 

sudo apt-get install vim screen

sudo /etc/vim/vimrc
sudo update-alternatives --config editor

apt-get udate && apt-get dist-upgrade

Usage of screen, e.g. for remote administration of your new installation: 

autossh COMPUTERNAME -t "screen -RD"

Ubuntu bugs

  • apport-collect 1266305
  • ubuntu-bug package-name
sudo apt-get install python-apport

System

DKMS

apt-get install dkms gparted synaptic

Filessystem

The Exfat is commonly used on USB storage devices with more than 32 GB capacity, but is not yet part of the standard ubuntu installation.

The Usermode tools are necessary for dealing with usermode filesystems like Gvfs. 

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils usermode

Enable Hibernation

vim /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

[Re-enable hibernate by default in upower]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

[Re-enable hibernate by default in logind]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Memory

What Steganos (R) is for windows users, Bleachbit is for Linux users: 

man bleachbit

[...]
BleachBit  deletes  unnecessary  files to free valuable disk space, maintain privacy, and remove junk. Rid your system of old clutter including cache, temporary files, cookies, and broken shortcuts.  It wipes clean Bash, Beagle, Epiphany, Firefox, Flash, Java, KDE, OpenOffice.org, Opera, RealPlayer, rpmbuild, VIM, XChat, and more.
[...]



sudo apt-get install bleachbit

Special Hardware Configuration

Thinkpad laptop - TLP

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/thinkpad-extras && \
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp && \
sudo apt-get update && \
sudo apt-get install gobi-loader tp-wwan-hotkey tlp tp-smapi-dkms

Edit your 

/etc/default/tlp

service tlp restart

SSD Trim

Enabled in 14.04 LTS by default !!!

On encrypted systems: 

vim /etc/crypttab

sda5_crypt UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX none luks,discard

vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf +199

issue_discards = 1

Update boot images: 

update-initramfs -k all -c

This should be already there on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 

vim /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

#!/bin/sh
# call fstrim-all to trim all mounted file systems which support it
set -e
exec fstrim-all

Reboot and check: 

sudo fstrim -v /

Security

Network

Ssh and others ... 

apt-get install ssh autossh mosh wireshark curl zenmap \
inetutils-traceroute mtr arp-scan clusterssh libnss-myhostname \
iperf etherape ethstatus iftop iptraf iptraf-ng nethogs vnstat dstat ntop darkstat

Ubuntu 12:04: see: SSH_-_Client_and_Server#mosh_--ssh

See article: Sending Mails with in bash 

apt-get install ca-certificates heirloom-mailx msmtp

For Wireshark, see Wireshark#Working_as_non-admin and do: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common
sudo usermod -a -G wireshark ${USER}

Tools

apt-get install keepassx gufw network-manager-openvpn nautilus-wipe

* Password Manager (keepassx)
* Firewall GUI (gufw)
* VPN (network-manager-openvpn)
* Secure deletion of files and folders (nautilus-wipe)

Encfs

IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:

If you like to see your mounted Encfs-volumes within a samba share, you have to mount the encfs-volume with the option 

--allow_other

This can be done either with a click in the correspondig field in encfs manager or manually.

You also have to edit like this: 

sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf

# Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount options.
user_allow_other

See:


EncFS Manager

add-apt-repository ppa:gencfsm/ppa
apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnome-encfs-manager

Truecrypt with app indicator (saucy)

Disable online services in unity

Package Management and tweaking

Synaptic is still best for all special tasks of package management with a graphical environment: 

apt-get install synaptic

Ubuntu Tweak - Tweak Ubuntu

Since "unity Tweak Took exists" ... 

sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool

... not really necessary any more, but has some nice features.

Prograss Fancy in apt

echo 'Dpkg::Progress-Fancy "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99progressbar

Y-PPA Manager

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager && sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

Cloud

Instant Messaging

sudo apt-get install skype

This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!

Virtualisation

Virtualbox

Due to some problems with virtualbox updates. I only upgrade manually and if there are really problems. Therefor I pin the actual version, until I am shure, I want to upgrade to the next version: 

#> sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences
Package: virtualbox-4.3
Pin: version 4.3.24*
Pin-Priority: 1000


Libvirt - KVM

Virt-Manager for controlling other machines. It is not possible to use kvm and virtualbox on the same machine! 

apt-get intsall virt-manager

Remote Desktop

X2Go 

 sudo apt-get install x2go-client remmina

Database

apt-get install automysqlbackup
sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server

Dokument Management

LyX

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:lyx-devel/release
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install lyx
  • Add Texlive an additional packages
sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-latex-extra

Editor

Sublime Text editor

apt-get update && apt-get install sublime-text-installer

Version Control

Subversion - git

apt-get install git

Subversion

Use a special svn version (only for 12.04) 

apt-get install subversion

See: Upgrade projects to match new svn version!

RabbitVCS

Nautilus addon. See: SVN#RabbitVCS

Java

See the article about Grails.

Grails

Backup

Lucky Backup

apt-get install luckybackup

Multimedia

Speech recognition

TTS

apt-get install gespeaker mbrola gespeaker-mbrola-en gespeaker-mbrola-de

Mbrola: see https://code.google.com/p/gespeaker/wiki/InstallMbrola

Pulseaudio Equalizer

Music, Video and Codecs

apt-get install flashplugin-installer vlc handbrake handbrake-cli clementine flac \
avidemux winff acetoneiso audacity \
ubuntu-restricted-extras easytag sound-juicer soundkonverter \
minitube youtube-dl phonon-backend-gstreamer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \
gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse

ffmpeg

The package ffmpeg is not existant any more.

This is needed for e.g. MediathekView.

Instead: 

sudo  apt-get install libav-tools libavdevice-extra-53 libswscale-extra-2

But with a saucy repo it is available: 

# Replace avconv with the real ffmpeg
#   www.askubuntu.com/a/373509/165265
#
sudo apt-get purge libav-tools
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jon-severinsson/ffmpeg
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install frei0r-plugins              # recommended
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

Libdvdcss

For the "official way" see: 

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 && \
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

Reboot the machine.

For the "inofficial way", see: 

echo 'deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
echo 'deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
wget -O - http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc%7Csudo apt-key add -

MediathekView

Needs vlc and ffmpeg:

Photo

apt-get install  gimp-gmic gimp-data-extras gimp-dcraw  gimp-plugin-registry \
gnome-xcf-thumbnailer gthumb gimp-help-de darktable phatch rapid-photo-downloader \
&& apt-get clean


Label CD's

For labeling audio-cd's, disc-cover is an excellent choice. It uses LaTeX to render very nice labels. It should not lack on any multimedia station. You can produce very kind locking sheets from a simple piece of A4-paper.

See my - german - article here an use the little zenity script: 

sudo apt-get install disc-cover # adds LaTeX - app. 150 MB

Desktop

Nautilus script

apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager

notify (saucy)

add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik 
add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
apt-get upgrade && apt-get update 
apt get install libnotify-bin
pkill notify-osd
apt-get install notifyosdconfig

libnotify

pkill notify-osd
gsettings set com.canonical.notify-osd gravity 3

Remove overlay bars in Ubuntu

gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false

Themes

Noobs Lab - MBuntu

For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion: 

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes

My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely googd theme "MBuntu-x" with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer. As addition I am using the mac-cursers theme which are very well designed. 

sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4

In conjunction with this theme am cursers I am using the Humanity Colors (see section) pack and the humanity-dark-aqua symbols, which are very crisp and clear. They correspoondend very well with the mac theme.

Humanity Colors

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ravefinity-project/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install humanity-colors

Elementary theme and Gnome Icon theme

apt-get install elementary-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-full

Evolve Theme

add-apt-repository ppa:satyajit-happy/themes
apt-get update && apt-get install evolve-gtk-theme

Screencast

sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop

Or try (saucy)

Wine

apt-get install wine1.7 winetricks

I recommend reading this sections too: Wine on ubuntu

EBooks

See:

A very godd Tool for E-Books is calibre: 

sudo apt-get install calibre

Installs: 

calibre calibre-bin fonts-mathjax libchm1 libjs-mathjax libpodofo0.9.0 libtidy-0.99-0 python-apsw \
python-beautifulsoup python-cherrypy3 python-cssselect python-cssutils python-dateutil python-feedparser \
python-markdown python-mechanize python-pygments python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru \
python-routes python-utidylib python-webo
Retrieved from "https://wiki.blue-it.org/index.php?title=Ubuntu_Standard_LTS_installation_procedures&oldid=5708"