Debian - handbook for apt-get
From Blue-IT.org Wiki
Konsole öffnen, als Administrator anmelden. Open a console (terminal) and login as root.
Also see
Contents
- 1 Navigate
- 2 Locate
- 3 APT
- 3.1 apt-mirror
- 3.2 Configuration
- 3.3 GPG
- 3.4 Updaten / update
- 3.5 Suchen / search
- 3.6 Pakete installieren / install packages
- 3.7 Force dpkg options
- 3.8 Pakete deinstallieren (VOLLSTÄNDIG) / uninstall packages
- 3.9 Distribution auf den neuesten Stand bringen / Distribution update
- 3.10 Schiefgelaufene Installation wiederholen / Redo an installation
- 3.11 Komplettes Desaster korrigieren / Desaster recovery
- 3.12 Get all deb entries in all sources-list (for apt-mirror)
- 3.13 Paketliste erstellen und zurückspielen
Navigieren in Verzeichnissen
Wo bin ich?
pwd
Verzeichnis anzeigen
ls
In Verzeichnis wechseln. (Tip: mit Tabulatortaste vervollständigen)
ls cd Ve (Tabulatortaste drücken) cd Verzeichnisname
Verzeichnis runter
cd ..
Locate
Datei suchen / Search for files
1. Suchdatenbank aktualisieren / actuate search database
updatedb
2. Suchen / search
locate dateiname | grep muster
Beispiel für Dateinamen / Examples for filenames
locate *.rpm | grep synaptic locate *.doc | grep tax locate *.txt
APT
apt-mirror
Apt-mirror will download you own package repository. You can put it on any computer, which will be able to share the mirror directory via apache or any other webserver.
Cleanup all cache an lists, that apt- created as root and recreate them:
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; rm -rf /var/cache/apt/* apt-get update
Configuration
apt-get install apache2 apt-mirror
Set the base path:
vim /etc/apt/mirror.list cd /var/www/html ln -s /path-to-apt-mirror apt-mirror
The last line make "apt-mirror" accessible in a link like: http://your_ip_or_host/apt-mirror You have to use exactely this URL in your local apt-mirror sources list !!!
Server mirror list
My mirror list:
vim /etc/apt/mirror.list
############# config ################## # set base_path /apt-mirror # # set mirror_path $base_path/mirror # set skel_path $base_path/skel # set var_path $base_path/var # set cleanscript $var_path/clean.sh # set defaultarch <running host architecture> # set postmirror_script $var_path/postmirror.sh # set run_postmirror 0 set nthreads 20 set _tilde 0 # ############# end config ############## # DEBS deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe mul deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main # SOURCES #deb-src http://archive.uibuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse #deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse # THIRD PARTY # Openprinting deb http://www.openprinting.org/download/printdriver/debian/ lsb3.2 contrib #Google2Ubuntu deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/benoitfra/google2ubuntu/ubuntu trusty main # Docky deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/docky-core/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Google deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main # Google Talk Plugin deb http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/ stable main # Monodevelop 4 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/inizan-yannick/mono/ubuntu trusty main # Libreoffice stable deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/libreoffice/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Thinkpad deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/linrunner/thinkpad-extras/ubuntu trusty main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/linrunner/tlp/ubuntu trusty main # Simple Screen Recorder deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder/ubuntu trusty main # Multimedia, VLC, ffmpeg, libdvd ... deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/mc3man/trusty-media/ubuntu trusty main # Multisystem deb http://liveusb.info/multisystem/depot all main # WebUpd8 nilarimogard: equalizer, audio-tools, multimedia deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu trusty main # Mac Mbuntu - Noobslab Themes deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/themes/ubuntu trusty main # Opera deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ lenny non-free # Kesselgulasch - gimp deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu trusty main # Owncloud deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/ownCloud:/desktop/Ubuntu_14.04/ / # Pipelight (Flash, Silverlight) deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/pipelight/stable/ubuntu trusty main # Darktable deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/pmjdebruijn/darktable-release/ubuntu trusty main # RabbitVCS deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/rabbitvcs/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Humanity Colors Theme deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ravefinity-project/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Satyajit Happy Themes deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/satyajit-happy/themes/ubuntu trusty main # Shutter deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/shutter/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Skype deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free # Handbrake Stable deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-releases/ubuntu trusty main # Truecrypt und Indikator deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/stefansundin/truecrypt/ubuntu trusty main # SVN deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/svn/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # Tuxboot deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/thomas.tsai/ubuntu-tuxboot/ubuntu trusty main # Equinox Theme deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tiheum/equinox/ubuntu trusty main # Ubuntu-Tweak deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # WINE deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu trusty main # VirtualBox deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian trusty contrib # Java WebUpd8 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu trusty main # Sublime Text 3 - WebUpd8 deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/sublime-text-3/ubuntu trusty main # Tor Browser Projekt deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/tor-browser/ubuntu trusty main # Y-PPA Manager deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu trusty main # X2Go Stable deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/x2go/stable/ubuntu trusty main # Mono Develop from Xamarin official Repo # http://www.mono-project.com/docs/getting-started/install/linux/ deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main #################################################################### # CLEAN LIST:
Alter the achitecture
To change the mirror list do 'deb-i386'
cat mirror.list | sed 's/^deb/deb-i386/' | sed 's/^#deb/#deb-i386/' > mirror.list.new
Add another architecture (I am using >> here, so manually reorder the mirror list ist necessary):
cat mirror.list | sed 's/^deb-i386/deb-amd64/' | sed 's/^#deb-i386/#deb-amd64/' >> mirror.list.new.amd64
Server clean list
Create a clean list according to the above mirror list:
cat mirror.list | grep -v ^# | grep -v clean | grep -v set | \
grep -v '^$' | cut -d " " -f2 | uniq | awk '{system("echo clean " $0)}' >> mirror.list
Client sources list
Then you can create an apt-mirror-client list from this file. Be aware, the the sed commands
sed 's|^deb-amd64|deb|g' | sed 's|^deb-i386|deb|g' | uniq
will filter out different architectures. If you are not using different architectures, but clean "deb http://..." lines, you don't need thist. On the other hand, if you are using other architecture, like arm, you have to add corresponding sed commands!
cat mirror.list | grep -v ^# | grep -v clean | grep -v set | grep -v '^$' | \ sed 's|^deb-amd64|deb|g' | sed 's|^deb-i386|deb|g' | uniq | \ sed 's|//|//APT_MIRROR_IP_OR_HOST/apt-mirror/|g'
and save it on your client ;-)
Third party ppa list
This way you can create a ppa list, which will substitude all the single source.list.d entries. In my case i use the list, created by the following command as a base for such a list:
cat mirror.list | grep -v clean | grep -v set | grep -v '^$' | sed 's/^deb-i386/deb/' | sed 's/^#deb-i386/#deb/' | sed 's/^deb-amd64/deb/' | sed 's/^#deb-amd64/#deb/' | uniq
GPG
If you get an error about a missing key, do:
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys <###################>
where <###################> is the key which was given in the error.
Otherwise, if you have a keyfile, do:
wget -qO - http://source.url/to/the.key | sudo apt-key add -
Updaten / update
apt-get update
Suchen / search
apt-cache search irgendein_name
Pakete installieren / install packages
apt-get install (--reinstall) irgendein_paket
Force dpkg options
apt-get install -o DPkg::Options::=--force-confold --yes --force-yes --no-install-recommends YOUR_PACKAGE_WONT_INSTALL YOUR_PACKAGE
Pakete deinstallieren (VOLLSTÄNDIG) / uninstall packages
apt-get remove (--purge) irgendein_paket
Distribution auf den neuesten Stand bringen / Distribution update
apt-get upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade
Schiefgelaufene Installation wiederholen / Redo an installation
apt-get -f install
Komplettes Desaster korrigieren / Desaster recovery
dpkg --reconfigure -a
Get all deb entries in all sources-list (for apt-mirror)
find /etc/apt -name "*.list" | grep -v mirror.list | awk '{system("cat " $0 " | grep -v deb-src | egrep ^deb")}'
Paketliste erstellen und zurückspielen
dpkg --get-selections > selections.list
Replay:
dpkg --set-selections < selections.list apt-get dselect-upgrade
Clear the selections cache:
dpkg --clear-selections