View source for Ubuntu Standard LTS installation procedures

= Ubuntu Trusty Thar (14.04 LTS) Installation =
== which is the name of my release ==
This is the commonly used name in e.g. the sources.list file:
 lsb_release -sc

 #> trusty

== HowTo's ==

 * [http://howtoubuntu.org/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr (ENG) HowToUbuntu.org - Things to do after installing trusty thar]
 * [http://linuxundich.de/ubuntu/10-20-todos-nach-installation-von-ubuntu-14-04  (GER) Linux und Ich - Todos nach Installation von Ubuntu 14.04]

At the end of the first link (howtoubuntu.org) you'll find some other useful links.

== To help a friend: Teamviewer ==
No need to explain
* http://www.teamviewer.com

== Make your own distro ==

Make your own LTS distro (still working on 14.04):

* [GER] https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Remastersys
* Fork of remastersys: https://github.com/mutse/remastersys

== SSD ==
'''IMPORTANT: concerning overprovisioning'''

If you like to use overprovisioning with an '''encrypted system''', you have to use the '''alternate install cd''' and '''manually partition your drive'''.

The standard installation procedure will use the whole disk space. To use overprovisioning leave a few GB space at the end of the ssd.

== Basics - vim, screen ==
Some absolut essential programs are "vim" for system edits and "screen" for a shell that survives login / logouts or for remote administration.

 sudo apt-get install vim screen

 sudo /etc/vim/vimrc
 sudo update-alternatives --config editor

 apt-get udate && apt-get dist-upgrade

Usage of screen, e.g. for remote administration of your new installation:
 autossh COMPUTERNAME -t "screen -RD"

== Ubuntu bugs ==
* apport-collect 1266305
* ubuntu-bug package-name
 sudo apt-get install python-apport

== File manager ==
=== Nemo ===
The standard file manager in Ubuntu is Nautilus. '''Nemo''' is a fork from nautilus and used in the fabulous Linux Mint distribution, which is based on Ubuntu:

You can install Nemo via '''WebUpd8 ppa''':
* http://www.webupd8.org/2013/10/install-nemo-with-unity-patches-and.html

 sudo apt-get install nemo nemo-fileroller  nemo-compare nemo-dropbox nemo-media-columns nemo-pastebin nemo-seahorse nemo-share nemo-emblems nemo-image-converter  nemo-rabbitvcs
 sudo apt-get install nemo-terminal

Reuse your nautilus scripts (should work in most cases):
 cd ~/.local/share/nemo
 rm -rf scripts
 ln -s ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts scripts

Make Nemo default:
 sudo apt-get install dconf-tools
 gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background show-desktop-icons false
 xdg-mime default nemo.desktop inode/directory application/x-gnome-saved-search

== System ==
=== DKMS ===
 apt-get install dkms gparted synaptic

=== Filessystem ===

The '''Exfat''' is commonly used on USB storage devices with more than 32 GB capacity, but is not yet part of the standard ubuntu installation. 

The '''Usermode''' tools are necessary for dealing with usermode filesystems like [[Gvfs]].

 sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse exfat-utils usermode

=== Enable Hibernation ===
 vim /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla

 [Re-enable hibernate by default in '''upower''']
 Identity=unix-user:*
 Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
 '''ResultActive=yes'''

 [Re-enable hibernate by default in '''logind''']
 Identity=unix-user:*
 Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate
 '''ResultActive=yes'''

=== Memory ===
What Steganos (R) is for windows users, '''Bleachbit''' is for Linux users:

 man bleachbit
 
 [...]
 BleachBit  deletes  unnecessary  files to free valuable disk space, maintain privacy, and remove junk. Rid your system of old clutter including cache, temporary files, cookies, and broken shortcuts.  It wipes clean Bash, Beagle, Epiphany, Firefox, Flash, Java, KDE, OpenOffice.org, Opera, RealPlayer, rpmbuild, VIM, XChat, and more.
 [...]


 sudo apt-get install bleachbit

== Special Hardware Configuration ==
=== Thinkpad laptop - TLP ===
 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/thinkpad-extras && \
 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp && \
 sudo apt-get update && \
 sudo apt-get install gobi-loader tp-wwan-hotkey tlp tp-smapi-dkms

Edit your 

 /etc/default/tlp

 service tlp restart

=== SSD Trim ===
'''Enabled in 14.04 LTS by default !!!'''

On encrypted systems:
 vim /etc/crypttab
 
 sda5_crypt UUID=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX none luks,discard

 vim /etc/lvm/lvm.conf +199
 
 issue_discards = 1

Update boot images:
 update-initramfs -k all -c

This should be already there on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS
 vim /etc/cron.weekly/fstrim

 #!/bin/sh
 # call fstrim-all to trim all mounted file systems which support it
 set -e
 exec fstrim-all

Reboot and check:
 sudo fstrim -v /

== Security ==
=== Network ===
Ssh and others ... 

* [http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Netzwerk-Monitoring Ubuntuusers Netzwerk-Monitoring]
* [http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/nethogs Ubuntuusers nethogs]
* [http://humdi.net/vnstat Ubuntuusers nnstat]

 apt-get install ssh autossh mosh wireshark curl zenmap \
 inetutils-traceroute mtr arp-scan clusterssh libnss-myhostname \
 iperf etherape ethstatus iftop iptraf iptraf-ng nethogs vnstat dstat ntop darkstat

Ubuntu 12:04: see: [[SSH_-_Client_and_Server#mosh_--ssh]]

See article: [[Bash#Sending_mails|Sending Mails with in bash]]
 apt-get install ca-certificates heirloom-mailx msmtp

For Wireshark, see [[Wireshark#Working_as_non-admin]] and do:

 sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common
 sudo usermod -a -G wireshark ${USER}

=== Tools ===
 apt-get install keepassx gufw network-manager-openvpn nautilus-wipe

 * Password Manager (keepassx)
 * Firewall GUI (gufw)
 * VPN (network-manager-openvpn)
 * Secure deletion of files and folders (nautilus-wipe)

=== Encfs ===
'''IMPORTANT NOTE on samba shares!:'''

If you like to see your mounted Encfs-volumes within a samba share, you have to mount the encfs-volume with the option 
 --allow_other

This can be done either with a click in the correspondig field in encfs manager or manually.

You also have to edit like this:
 sudo vim /etc/fuse.conf

 # Allow non-root users to specify the allow_other or allow_root mount options.
 user_allow_other

See: 
* http://forums.overclockers.com.au/showthread.php?t=662969



==== EncFS Manager ====

* http://www.webupd8.org/2013/05/gnome-encfs-manager-cryptkeeper.html
 add-apt-repository ppa:gencfsm/ppa
 apt-get update && apt-get install -y gnome-encfs-manager

Truecrypt with app indicator (saucy)
*http://www.webupd8.org/2013/08/truecrypt-with-ubuntu-appindicator-ppa.html

Disable online services in unity
* http://www.webupd8.org/2013/10/how-to-disable-amazon-shopping.html

== Package Management and tweaking ==
Synaptic is still best for all special tasks of package management with a graphical environment:
 apt-get install synaptic

=== Ubuntu Tweak - Tweak Ubuntu ===
Since "unity Tweak Took exists" ...
 sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweak-tool

... not really necessary any more, but has some nice features.
* http://www.ubuntu-tweak.com

=== Prograss Fancy in apt ===
* http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/04/how-to-enable-apt-terminal-progress-bar

 echo 'Dpkg::Progress-Fancy "1";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99progressbar

=== Y-PPA Manager ===
 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager && sudo apt-get update 
 sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

== Cloud ==
* Dropbox: Install via Ubuntu-tweak
* Grive: http://www.thefanclub.co.za/node/151
* activate Ubuntu One

== Instant Messaging ==
 sudo apt-get install skype

This will install a bunch of multiarch packages!

== E-Mail ==
=== Menu is gone - only fullscreen ===
When updating from ealier versions, I happens that the menubar is completely unvisible and thunderbird is in fullscreen:

* http://askubuntu.com/questions/593696/thunderbird-window-gets-stuck-maximized-with-no-window-controls/697840#697840

To solve the problem: First exit Firefox, then rename localstore.rdf and xulstore.json in the profiles directory of thunderbird:

 cd ~/.thunderbird/your_profile
 mv localstore.rdf localstore.rdf.bak
 mv xulstore.json xulstore.json.bak

The only thing you have to do now is to rearrange your frames within firefox.

=== Sort folders ===
If you are used to work with virtual folders than you want to rearrange you folders in the tree of you account. By default thunderbird uses the arrangement at the servers side. This addon will help rearrange your folders:

* https://addons.mozilla.org/de/thunderbird/addon/manually-sort-folders/

==  Virtualisation ==
==== Virtualbox ====
* http://virtualbox.de

Due to some problems with virtualbox updates. I only upgrade manually and if there are really problems. Therefor I pin the actual version, until I am shure, I want to upgrade to the next version:
 
 #> sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences
 Package: virtualbox-4.3
 Pin: version 4.3.24*
 Pin-Priority: 1000

Don't forget to add your user to the vboxusers group:

 sudo adduser $USER vboxusers

=== Libvirt - KVM ===

Virt-Manager for controlling other machines. 

'''It is not possible to use kvm and virtualbox on the same machine! You can install them both, but not run both daemons at the same time'''
 apt-get install virt-manager

== Remote Desktop ==
X2Go
* https://launchpad.net/~x2go/+archive/stable

  sudo apt-get install x2go-client remmina

== Database ==
 apt-get install automysqlbackup
 sudo vim /etc/default/automysqlbackup mysql-server

== Office ==
=== LyX === 
* [https://launchpad.net/~lyx-devel/+archive/release LyX ppa]

 sudo apt-add-repository ppa:lyx-devel/release
 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install lyx

* Add Texlive an additional packages
 sudo apt-get install texlive-bibtex-extra texlive-latex-extra

* Use biblatex see: http://wiki.lyx.org/BibTeX/Biblatex

=== Libre Office ===
Latest stable version:
* https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

Tight to a stable major version, e.g. 5.0:
* https://launchpad.net/~libreoffice/+archive/ubuntu/libreoffice-5-0

== Editor==
=== Sublime Text editor ===
*http://www.webupd8.org/2013/07/sublime-text-3-ubuntu-ppa-now-available.html
 apt-get update && apt-get install sublime-text-installer

== Version Control ==
===  Subversion - git ===
 apt-get install git

=== Subversion ===
Use a special svn version (only for 12.04)
* [[SVN#svn_ppa]]
 
 apt-get install subversion 

See: Upgrade projects to match new svn version!
* [[SVN#svn_upgrade]]

=== RabbitVCS ===
Nautilus addon. See: [[SVN#RabbitVCS]]

* https://launchpad.net/~rabbitvcs/+archive/ppa

== Java ==
See the article about [[Grails]].

=== Grails ===
* See [[Grails#Ubuntu_13.10]]

== Backup ==

=== Lucky Backup ===
apt-get install luckybackup

== Multimedia ==

=== Bluetooth - Headset ===

Unfortunately there are a lot of problems concerning connecting a bluetooth headset:
* https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/bluez/+bug/1283003

This is really no fun and definitely not user friendly.

I found my solution in #149 (took me an hour or so to get there ...)

 sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio-module-bluetooth bluetooth bluez-* bluez
 sudo apt-get install blueman bluez pulseaudio-module-bluetooth --install-suggests

 pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover

(found here -> http://firstdoit.com/quick-tip-bluetooth-a2dp-on-linux-mint-17-qiana-mate/?utm_source=blog.gadr.me)


IN my case, this partially removes ubuntu-desktop, the unity-control-center and bleuman. I did not reinstall blueman, because everything works now!

 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop unity-control-center

My /etc/bluetooth/audio.conf also does not looks - as time of writing and after the bug report - common 


 # Configuration file for the audio service
 
 # This section contains options which are not specific to any
 # particular interface
 [General]
 
 # Switch to master role for incoming connections (defaults to true)
 #Master=true
 
 # If we want to disable support for specific services
 # Defaults to supporting all implemented services
 #Disable=Gateway,Source,Socket
 
 # SCO routing. Either PCM or HCI (in which case audio is routed to/from ALSA)
 # Defaults to HCI
 #SCORouting=PCM
 
 # Automatically connect both A2DP and HFP/HSP profiles for incoming
 # connections. Some headsets that support both profiles will only connect the
 # other one automatically so the default setting of true is usually a good
 # idea.
 #AutoConnect=true
 
 # Headset interface specific options (i.e. options which affect how the audio
 # service interacts with remote headset devices)
 [Headset]
 
 # Set to true to support HFP, false means only HSP is supported
 # Defaults to true
 HFP=true
 
 # Maximum number of connected HSP/HFP devices per adapter. Defaults to 1
 MaxConnected=1
 
 # Set to true to enable use of fast connectable mode (faster page scanning)
 # for HFP when incoming call starts. Default settings are restored after
 # call is answered or rejected. Page scan interval is much shorter and page
 # scan type changed to interlaced. Such allows faster connection initiated
 # by a headset.
 FastConnectable=false
 
 # Just an example of potential config options for the other interfaces
 #[A2DP]
 #SBCSources=1
 #MPEG12Sources=0

I put the loading of "module-bluetooth-discover" in a script, which I start on login!

 #!/bin/bash
 pulseaudio -k
 sleep 2
 
 if pactl list | grep -i module-bluetooth-discover
 then
    echo "OK. Module already loaded"
 else
 	pactl load-module module-bluetooth-discover
 fi


=== Speech recognition ===
* [http://www.webupd8.org/2014/02/linux-speech-recognition-using-google.htm WebUpd8 article: Google2Ubuntu Speech Recognition]
* [https://github.com/benoitfragit/google2ubuntu google2Ubuntu on GitHub]

=== TTS ===
 apt-get install gespeaker mbrola gespeaker-mbrola-en gespeaker-mbrola-de

Mbrola: see https://code.google.com/p/gespeaker/wiki/InstallMbrola

=== Pulseaudio Equalizer ===
Still working on 14.04!

* https://launchpad.net/~nilarimogard/+archive/webupd8/+packages?field.name_filter=pulse&field.status_filter=published&field.series_filter=saucy

=== Music, Video and Codecs ===
 apt-get install flashplugin-installer vlc handbrake handbrake-cli clementine flac \
 avidemux winff acetoneiso audacity \
 ubuntu-restricted-extras easytag sound-juicer soundkonverter \
 minitube youtube-dl phonon-backend-gstreamer gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg \
 gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-plugins-base \
 gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse

==== ffmpeg ====
The package ''ffmpeg'' is not existant any more.

This is needed for e.g. [[#MediathekView|MediathekView]].

Instead:
 sudo  apt-get install libav-tools libavdevice-extra-53 libswscale-extra-2

But with a saucy repo it is available:

* http://askubuntu.com/questions/373322/how-to-replace-avconv-with-the-real-ffmpeg-and-have-it-work-right/373509#373509

 # Replace avconv with the real ffmpeg
 #   www.askubuntu.com/a/373509/165265
 #
 sudo apt-get purge libav-tools
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jon-severinsson/ffmpeg
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
 sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
 sudo apt-get install frei0r-plugins              # recommended
 sudo apt-get --purge autoremove

==== Libdvdcss ====
For the "official way" see:
* https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats/PlayingDVDs

 sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 && \
 sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

Reboot the machine.

For the "inofficial way", see:

* http://howtoubuntu.org/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04-trusty-tahr (section "LibDVDCSS is a library required for reading ....")

 echo 'deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
 echo 'deb-src http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list && \
 wget -O - http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc|sudo apt-key add -

=== MediathekView ===
Needs vlc and [[#ffmpeg|ffmpeg]]:

* http://sourceforge.net/projects/zdfmediathk/

=== Photo ===
My favorite tools:

 apt-get install  gimp-gmic gimp-data-extras gimp-dcraw  gimp-plugin-registry \
 gnome-xcf-thumbnailer gthumb gimp-help-de darktable phatch rapid-photo-downloader \
 && apt-get clean

=== Label CD's ===

For labeling audio-cd's, '''disc-cover''' is an excellent choice. It uses LaTeX to render very nice labels. It should not lack on any multimedia station. You can produce very kind locking sheets from a simple piece of A4-paper.

See my - german - article here an use the little zenity script:

* http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/disc-cover
* Script: http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/disc-cover#Wrapper-Skript-erstellen

 sudo apt-get install disc-cover # adds LaTeX - app. 150 MB

== Desktop == 
=== Health ===
For people like me, that work a lot on computer screens it is very important to keep in mind that excessive work under artificial light could damage your health. These are fundamental and science proven insights, we shou be aware off:

# Regularly go away from the screen to rest you eyes, stand up an make some gym to prevent spinal and back disorder. Sometimes look into a farer distance. Move your eyes, so their muscles can relax.
# Upon sunset, dim you monitor and - if possible - use a bluefilter app (also for your smartphone).

There are two apps, that can help you: 

* F.lux (a gui for Xlux): https://justgetflux.com/linux.html
 Install debs from website.

* Workrave: http://www.workrave.org/
 sudo apt-get install workrave

There is nothing more to say, but do!

=== Always show menu ===
This was actually backported to 14.04  hurray ! --[[User:Apos|Apos]] ([[User talk:Apos|talk]]) 18:57, 19 October 2015 (CEST)


Get rid of the most anoying feature ever:

 sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

Open the '''dconf''' editor:
 com -> canonical -> unity -> always-show-menus (x)

=== Nautilus script ===
 apt-get install nautilus-scripts-manager

=== notify  (saucy) ===
 add-apt-repository ppa:leolik/leolik 
 add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
 apt-get upgrade && apt-get update 
 apt get install libnotify-bin
 pkill notify-osd
 apt-get install notifyosdconfig

=== libnotify===
 pkill notify-osd
 gsettings set com.canonical.notify-osd gravity 3

=== Remove overlay bars in Ubuntu===
 gsettings set com.canonical.desktop.interface scrollbar-mode normal
 gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.session show-real-name-on-panel false

=== Themes ===
==== Noobs Lab - MBuntu ====
THIS MY FAVORITE THEME TOGETHER WITH HUMANITY COLORS

For Ubunut 14.04 there is an excellent theme pack. If you are a mac fan, you can convert your Ubuntu into a full featured "mac" desktop, including a dock (with theme for docky) and much more. Wether this is practical or not, is another point for discussion:

* http://www.noobslab.com/2014/11/mbuntu-macbuntu-1410-transformation.html

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:noobslab/themes

My ubuntu Desktop, I am using the extremely good theme "MBuntu-x" with a hight contrast and very good design for all ubuntu components (nautilus) from this theme designer. As addition I am using the '''mac-cursers''' theme which are very well designed. 

 sudo apt-get install mac-ithemes-v3 mbuntu-y-icons-v4

In conjunction with this theme am cursers I am using the [[#Humanity_Colors|Humanity Colors (see section)]] pack and the '''humanity-dark-aqua symbols''', which are very crisp and clear. They correspondent very well with the mac theme.

[[File:Mbuntu_Theme_14_04.png|800px|MbuntuX Theme]]

==== Humanity Colors ====
* http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/humanity-colors-icon-pack-updated-9.html
 
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ravefinity-project/ppa
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install humanity-colors

==== Elementary theme and Gnome Icon theme ====
 apt-get install elementary-icon-theme gnome-icon-theme-full

==== Evolve Theme ====
 add-apt-repository ppa:satyajit-happy/themes
 apt-get update && apt-get install evolve-gtk-theme

=== Screencast ===
 sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop

Or try (saucy)
* http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/12/simple-screen-recorder-linux

== Wine ==

* https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-wine/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

 apt-get install wine1.7 winetricks

I recommend reading this sections too: [[Wine_-_Crossover_Office#Wine_on_ubuntu|Wine on ubuntu]]

== EBooks ==
See:
* https://www.wiki.blue-it.org/Category:E-Books

A very godd Tool for E-Books is calibre:

 sudo apt-get install calibre

Installs:
 calibre calibre-bin fonts-mathjax libchm1 libjs-mathjax libpodofo0.9.0 libtidy-0.99-0 python-apsw \
 python-beautifulsoup python-cherrypy3 python-cssselect python-cssutils python-dateutil python-feedparser \
 python-markdown python-mechanize python-pygments python-pyparsing python-repoze.lru \
 python-routes python-utidylib python-webo


[[Category:Ubuntu]]